letter to the editor

Adult spinal deformity (ASD) is a complex disease state that pathologically alters standing upright posture and is associated with substantial pain and disability. This article provides an overview of classification systems for spinal deformity, clarifies the need to differentiate between pediatric and adult classifications, and provides an explanation on the use of the Scoliosis Research Socie...

background: given the dearth of data in the existing literature on the size and morphologic variability of secundum-type atrial-septal defect (asd-ii) in adult patients, we aimed to address this issue in a series of consecutive adult patients evaluated by transesophageal echocardiography (tee). methods: a total of 50 patients (68.0% female) with isolated asd-ii underwent tee for the evaluation ...

Little is known about the symptom profile of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals who have autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It is also unknown whether self-report questionnaires are useful in measuring OCD in ASD. We sought to describe the symptom profiles of adults with ASD, OCD, and ASD + OCD using the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), and to assess the utility of ...

OBJECTIVE To survey the adult functioning of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and to compare the outcomes for those diagnosed in childhood with those diagnosed as adults. METHODS Using a chart review, we evaluated the adult outcomes for 45 individuals diagnosed with ASD prior to age 18, and compared this with the functioning of 35 patients whose ASD was identified after 18 years....

Atypical gaze processing has been reported in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Here we explored how infants at risk for ASD respond behaviorally to others' direct gaze. We assessed 10-month-olds with a sibling with ASD (high risk group; n = 61) and a control group (n = 18) during interaction with an adult. Eye-tracking revealed less looking at the adult in the high risk group duri...

INTRODUCTION There is limited research on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in females. Although the empathy construct has been examined thoroughly in autism, little attention has been paid to empathy in adult women with this condition or to gender differences within the disorder. OBJECTIVE Self-reported empathy in adult women with ASD was examined and compared to that of typically developed me...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep problems, gastrointestinal symptoms, social functioning, autism traits, and support on quality life (QoL) in 107 adults with spectrum disorder (ASD). Questionnaires included Autism Spectrum Quotient-10 (Adult), Multidimensional Scale Perceived Social Support, Functioning Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Ga...

The amygdala undergoes aberrant development in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We previously found that there are reduced neuron numbers in the adult postmortem amygdala from individuals with ASD compared to typically developing controls. The current study is a comprehensive stereological examination of four non-neuronal cell populations: microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and endothelial...

ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECTS (ASD) ACCOUNT FOR 5% TO 10% OF ALL CASES OF CONGENITAL heart disease and as many as 30% of cases of congenital heart disease presenting in adulthood. These defects make up a spectrum of interesting and distinct entities. The ostium secundum ASD accounts for 70% to 80% of all adult ASDs. Other less common forms of adult ASDs include ostium primum ASD (15% of ASDs), sinus ve...